Multiply One-Digit Numbers by Multiples of 10 (10–90)

Students multiply any one-digit number by multiples of 10 from 10 to 90 (e.g., 6 x 40, 7 x 80) using place value understanding and properties of operations. They decompose the multiple of 10 into a single-digit factor and 10, then use the associative property to simplify the calculation.

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Grade 3 · Multiplying by Multiples of 10 · question 1 of 3

0 of 12

12 rungs. A star at the top.

2 × = 60

How it is taught

0:00 of 3:38

A multiple of 10 is a number of tens.

Times 10 is skip-counting by tens.

Read it: Count the groups of tens

You have 3 trays of chips. Each tray holds 4 tens. Look at those 12 chips — they are 12 tens, not 12 ones.

See each 40 as 4 tens sitting in a tray.
Multiply 3 trays by 4 tens to get 12 tens.
Write those 12 tens as 120.

Counting all 120 from 1 works, but it is slow, and a skipped chip spoils the total.

Each tray holds the same 4 tens, so 3 trays are 3 equal groups rather than a pile of 120.

12 tens is 120 because each ten is worth 10, and 12 of them sit in the tens place.

When the groups hold tens, multiply the groups by the tens, then say what those tens are worth.

Multiplying 3 by 4 and writing 12, as if the 4 tens were 4 chips.

The 12 you get are tens, so 12 tens is 120.

4 × 50 = ___ — 200. 4 × 5 = 20, and 20 tens are 200.

6 × 40

Let's multiply by multiples of ten. Picture six gift bags, with forty marbles in each bag. How many marbles in all?

We can write this as six times forty. Forty is a big jump — let's use a place value trick.

Forty is four tens. That means forty equals four times ten.

So six times forty becomes six times four, times ten.

We can multiply in any order. Let's group six times four first.

Six times four is twenty-four. Now we have twenty-four times ten.

And multiplying by ten is easy — we just add a zero to the end!

Twenty-four with a zero on the end is two hundred forty.

Six times forty equals two hundred forty. Six bags of forty marbles — two hundred forty marbles in all!

Grade 3 · Use place value to multiply by multiples of ten

What you see

While they climb, your page writes one true line to ask about tonight, and a short note each Sunday.

MayaGrade 3 · Mathematics

Did you know?

A chessboard has 64 squares — share them out between the 8 rows and each row holds exactly 8.

Today’s goal: 1 star — one skill mastered, every rung of its ladder climbed
Climbing now: Divide within 100

An example student.

MayaGrade 3 · Mathematics

Maya earned 2 stars this week — Interpret multiplication as equal groups, which took 6 answers over 3 days before its star landed 3 days ago and Multiply by 6, 7, 8 and 9. Next up: Divide within 100.

An example week.

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