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Evaluate Nested Expressions with Brackets and Braces

Students evaluate multi-level expressions containing parentheses inside brackets, and brackets inside braces. They systematically work from the innermost grouping outward, applying order of operations at each level.

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Evaluate Nested Expressions with Brackets and Braces

Grade 5 · Algebraic Thinking: Expressions and Grouping Symbols · question 1 of 3

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20 rungs. A star at the top.

Tariq has 3 stamps as he enters the post office. He buys 4 sheets with 9 stamps each. He uses 5 stamps from each sheet. How many stamps does he have now?

How it is taught

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Nested grouping means one pair of symbols sits inside another.

You always simplify the innermost group first.

Read it: Grouping symbols

5 + 6 × 2: × comes before +, so 6 × 2 = 12, then 5 + 12 = 17. To add first, write parentheses: (5 + 6) × 2 is 11 × 2 = 22.

  1. Work inside parentheses ( ) first, then brackets [ ], then braces { }, from the inside out.
  2. Then × and ÷, from left to right.
  3. Then + and −, from left to right.

Without parentheses, × comes first: 5 + 6 × 2 is 5 + 12.

Parentheses say "do this first": (5 + 6) × 2 adds before it multiplies.

One operation a line keeps every step easy to check.

The innermost grouping first, then × and ÷, then + and −.

Going left to right: 5 + 6 = 11, then 11 × 2 = 22.

× comes before +: 6 × 2 = 12, and 5 + 12 = 17.

[(9 + 7) × 5] − 6 = ___ — 74. 9 + 7 = 16, then 16 × 5 = 80, then 80 − 6 = 74.

{ [ 2 × (3 + 4) ] − 5 } + 6

When you see brackets inside braces, don't panic — the trick is simple: solve from the inside OUT.

Here's our expression. We need to find what it equals.

Start with the innermost grouping. The parentheses are deepest inside, so we solve those first.

Three plus four is seven. We rewrite, replacing the parentheses with seven.

Look — the brackets are now innermost. Let's solve those next.

Two times seven is fourteen. Rewrite once more.

Just the braces are left to handle.

Fourteen minus five is nine.

Now the simple part: nine plus six is fifteen.

Solve from the inside OUT{ [ ( ★ ) ] }Start with the deepest groupingparentheses → brackets → bracesEvaluate the expression{[2×(3+4)]−5}+6={[2×7]−5}+6={14−5}+6=9+6=15ANSWER15inside out
Grade 5 · Solve nested groupings inside out

We got fifteen! Remember: with nested groupings, always work from the inside out.

What you see

While they climb, your page writes one true line to ask about tonight, and a short note each Sunday.

MayaGrade 3 · Mathematics
Did you know?

A chessboard has 64 squares — share them out between the 8 rows and each row holds exactly 8.

Today’s goal
1 star — one skill mastered, every rung of its ladder climbed
Climbing now
Divide within 100

An example student.

MayaGrade 3 · Mathematics

Maya earned 2 stars this week — Interpret multiplication as equal groups, which took 6 answers over 3 days before its star landed 3 days ago and Multiply by 6, 7, 8 and 9. Next up: Divide within 100.

An example week.

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